East Africa Travel Guide 2025

Your Complete Kenya & Safari Resource

A comprehensive travel guide for modern explorers seeking authentic East African experiences

VISA & ENTRY REQUIREMENTS (2025 Updated)

Kenya’s Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) System

IMPORTANT: Starting January 5, 2024, ALL travelers (with exceptions outlined below) are required to apply for and pay the Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) before their journey to Kenya. This system has completely replaced the previous visa-on-arrival process.

How to Apply for Kenya eTA:

• Official Website: www.etakenya.go.ke
• Application Timeline: eTA applications for Kenya should be submitted at least 3 days prior to travel to ensure adequate time for authorization
• Validity: Multiple entry, typically valid for 90 days
• Cost: Approximately $30-35 USD (varies by nationality)

Required Documents:

• Passport valid for at least six months beyond the planned date of entry with at least one blank page
• Recent, passport-sized photograph of the applicant
• Flight confirmation and proof of accommodation, plus proof of your travel reasons
• Return ticket or onward travel documentation
• Proof of sufficient funds for your stay

eTA Exemptions:

The following persons are exempted from the requirement of applying for eTA: Kenya residents holding permanent resident certificate, valid work permit, valid passes which MUST be endorsed on the passport. Persons holding previously issued e-visas, including EATV issued by EATV member countries

Additionally exempted:

• Citizens of EAC Partner States are exempt from the eTA
• Diplomatic passport holders
• Children under 16 years (when traveling with parents)

Regional Travel - East African Tourist Visa (EATV)

For travelers planning to visit multiple East African countries (Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda), consider the East African Tourist Visa:

• Cost: $100 USD
• Validity: 90 days, multiple entry
• Coverage: Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda
• Application: Through any of the three countries’ embassies or online platforms

HEALTH & SAFETY (Current Requirements)

Yellow Fever Vaccination Requirements

Critical Information: All travellers arriving in Kenya from countries where yellow fever is endemic should present a valid yellow fever certificate

Who Needs Yellow Fever Vaccination:

• Yellow fever vaccination certificate required for travellers aged 1 year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission
• Recommended for all travellers over 9 months of age, except if traveling to: North Eastern and Coast Province; Kilifi, Kwale, Lamu and Malindi states; and the cities of Mombasa and Nairobi

Yellow Fever Exemptions:

Infants aged less than 9 months, except during an epidemic when infants aged 6-9 months should also receive the vaccine. Pregnant women – except during a yellow fever outbreak. People with severe allergies to egg protein. People with severe immunodeficiency due to symptomatic HIV/AIDS or other causes

Recommended Vaccinations:

Depending on travel regions and activities, recommended are hepatitis A, typhoid, tetanus, and rabies

Essential Vaccinations:

• Hepatitis A & B: Recommended for all travellers
• Typhoid: Essential, especially for rural travel
• Tetanus/Diphtheria: Ensure current boosters
• Meningococcal: Recommended for extended stays
• Rabies: Consider for safari and rural activities

Malaria Prevention:

• Risk Areas: Present throughout Kenya below 2,500m elevation
• Prevention: Antimalarial prophylaxis recommended
• Popular Options: Doxycycline, Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)
• Consultation: Speak with travel medicine specialist 4-6 weeks before departure

Travel Insurance:

• Medical Coverage: Minimum $100,000 recommended
• Evacuation Coverage: Essential for safari travel
• Adventure Sports: Ensure coverage includes planned activities
• COVID-19: Verify pandemic-related coverage

Safety Considerations (2025):

• Security Updates: Check current FCO/State Department advisories
• Nairobi: Exercise standard urban precautions
• Coast Region: Be aware of occasional security incidents
• Northern Kenya: Some areas require special permits
• Safari Safety: Always use reputable operators with proper insurance

PRACTICAL TRAVEL INFORMATION

Currency & Payment Methods

Kenyan Shilling (KES):

• Current Exchange Rate: Approximately 130-150 KES = 1 USD (fluctuates)
• Cash: US Dollars widely accepted for larger transactions
• ATMs: Available in major cities and tourist areas
• Credit Cards: Visa and Mastercard accepted at hotels and restaurants

Mobile Payments Revolution:

M-Pesa is a mobile banking service that allows users to store and transfer money through their mobile phones. As of 2025, Kenya’s payments landscape continues to be dominated by M-Pesa

M-Pesa for Travelers:

• Available through Safaricom app or SIM app for various payments including utilities
• M-Pesa has now partnered with 27 African airlines, enabling mobile check-in and ticket payments
• Used for taxis, restaurants, markets, and safari payments
• Requires local Safaricom SIM card for full functionality

Communication Options

Mobile Networks:

• Safaricom: Largest network with best coverage
• Airtel Kenya: Good alternative with competitive rates
• Telkom Kenya: Budget option with limited coverage

Internet & WiFi:

• 4G Coverage: Excellent in Nairobi, Mombasa, and major towns
• Safari Lodges: Most now offer WiFi, though speeds vary
• Internet Cafes: Available in urban areas
• Data Bundles: Using a local SIM with WhatsApp for communication is cost-effective

Communication Apps:

• WhatsApp: Universal messaging platform
• Voice Calls: VoIP services work well with good internet
• International Roaming: Can be expensive; local SIM recommended

Accommodation Booking Platforms (2025):

International Platforms:

• Safari Bookings: Specialized safari accommodation
• Booking.com: Wide range of urban and safari options
• Airbnb: Popular in Nairobi and coastal areas
• Safarinow: Regional specialist platform

Local Platforms:

• Jumia Travel: Leading local booking platform
• Kenyans.travel: Local community-driven recommendations
• Direct Booking: Often better rates with lodges and camps

TRAVEL LOGISTICS

Airport Information & Transfers

Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (NBO):

• Location: 15km southeast of Nairobi
• Transport Options:
  • Uber/Bolt: $8-15 to city centre
  • Airport Shuttle: Shared services available
  • Airport Express Bus: Affordable public option
  • Taxi: $20-30 to city centre

Wilson Airport (WIL):

• Purpose: Domestic flights and safari transfers
• Location: 10km south of Nairobi city centre
• Primary Use: Charter flights to Masai Mara, Amboseli, Samburu

Moi International Airport (MBA) - Mombasa:

• Location: Coast region gateway
• Transport: Taxis, car hire, hotel transfers available

Domestic Travel Options

Domestic Flights:

• Kenya Airways Express: Scheduled domestic services
• SafariLink: Safari-focused charter and scheduled flights
• AirKenya Express: Small aircraft to safari destinations
• Typical Routes: Nairobi-Masai Mara (45 min), Nairobi-Amboseli (30 min)

Road Transport:

• Matatus: Local minibus transport (budget option)
• Shuttle Services: Modern coaches between major cities
• Car Rental: 4WD recommended for safari circuits
• Private Transfers: Most comfortable for safari travel

Railway:

• Standard Gauge Railway (SGR): Modern train service Nairobi-Mombasa
• Journey Time: 5-6 hours
• Classes: Economy and First Class available
• Booking: Online advance booking recommended

Baggage Restrictions

International Flights:

• Check-in: 23kg (economy), 32kg (business)
• Carry-on: 7-10kg depending on airline
• Safari Extensions: Some airlines offer additional safari baggage

Domestic/Charter Flights:

• Weight Limit: Typically 15kg in soft-sided bags
• Dimensions: Strict size restrictions for small aircraft
• Excess Baggage: Expensive; pack light for safari flights
• Laundry Services: Available at most safari lodges

Safari Packing Essentials:

• Colours: Neutral tones (khaki, olive, brown)
• Avoid: Bright colours, especially blue and black
• Footwear: Closed-toe shoes for walking safaris
• Layers: Temperature variations throughout the day

Weather Patterns & Best Travel Times

Dry Seasons (Best for Safari):

• January-March: Hot and dry, excellent game viewing
• June-October: Cool and dry, peak season, higher prices

Wet Seasons:

• April-May: Long rains, some roads impassable, lower prices
• November-December: Short rains, brief afternoon showers

Coastal Weather:

• Year-round: Warm temperatures (24-30°C)
• Monsoons: October-April (northeast), May-September (southeast)
• Best Time: June-September, January-March

Highland Weather:

• Nairobi: Moderate year-round (10-25°C)
• Mount Kenya: Cold at altitude, snow possible
• Rainfall: Two distinct wet seasons

PHOTOGRAPHY GUIDELINES & RESTRICTIONS

General Photography Rules:

• Military/Police: Never photograph security installations
• Government Buildings: Restricted around official buildings
• Airports: Photography restrictions in terminal areas
• People: Always ask permission before photographing locals

Safari Photography:

• Equipment: Telephoto lens essential (200mm minimum)
• Drone Restrictions: Special permits required for commercial use
• Flash Photography: Prohibited during night game drives
• Ethical Guidelines: Maintain safe distances from wildlife

Cultural Photography:

• Maasai Communities: Expect small payment for portraits
• Markets: Generally acceptable but ask first
• Religious Sites: Respect local customs and restrictions
• Children: Be particularly sensitive and always ask parents

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

Language Information:

• Official Languages: English and Kiswahili
• Tourist Areas: English widely spoken
• Rural Areas: Basic Kiswahili helpful
• Useful Phrases:
  • Jambo (Hello)
  • Asante sana (Thank you very much)
  • Hakuna matata (No problem)
  • Pole pole (Slowly, slowly)

Tipping Guidelines (2025):

Safari Tipping:

• Safari Guide: $20-30 per day per group
• Camp Staff: $10-15 per day total
• Masai Cultural Visits: $5-10 per person

Hotel/Restaurant Tipping:

• Restaurant Service: 10-15% if service charge not included
• Hotel Porters: $1-2 per bag
• Housekeeping: $2-5 per day
• Taxi/Driver: 10% of fare

General Service:

• Tour Guides: $10-20 per day
• Airport Assistance: $2-5
• Spa Services: 10-15%

Cultural Etiquette:

• Greetings: Handshakes common, often extended
• Dress Code: Conservative, especially in rural areas and mosques
• Photography: Always ask permission for people photos
• Bargaining: Expected in markets, not in shops with fixed prices
• Respect: Show respect for elders and traditional customs

Religious Considerations:

• Christianity: Majority religion, churches welcome visitors
• Islam: Significant coastal population, modest dress near mosques
• Traditional Beliefs: Still practiced alongside other religions
• Friday Prayers: Respect Islamic prayer times on the coast

Shopping & Souvenirs:

Popular Souvenirs:

• Maasai Jewelry: Beadwork and traditional accessories
• Wood Carvings: Makonde and local artisan work
• Kikoy/Kanga: Traditional colourful wraps
• Coffee: High-quality Kenyan beans
• Tea: Premium highland varieties
• Soapstone: Carved items from Kisii region

Shopping Locations:

• Nairobi: Village Market, Maasai Market (Tuesdays/Fridays)
• Mombasa: Old Town markets and curio shops
• Safari Lodges: Quality items but limited selection
• Community Projects: Support local artisan cooperatives

Bargaining Tips:

• Markets: Start at 30-50% of asking price
• Be Respectful: Friendly negotiation expected
• Walk Away: Often brings better offers
• Cash Payments: Usually required for best prices

Community Tourism Opportunities:

Cultural Experiences:

• Maasai Villages: Authentic cultural visits
• Samburu Communities: Traditional pastoralist experiences
• Kikuyu Homesteads: Agricultural community visits
• Coastal Communities: Swahili culture and history

Conservation Projects:

• Wildlife Conservancies: Community-owned protected areas
• Rhino Sanctuaries: Support conservation efforts
• Elephant Orphanages: Educational visits
• Marine Conservation: Coastal reef protection projects

Responsible Tourism:

• Choose Ethical Operators: Verify community benefit
• Respect Local Customs: Follow community guidelines
• Environmental Impact: Minimize ecological footprint
• Economic Benefit: Ensure local communities benefit

PRACTICAL ESSENTIALS

Electrical Requirements:

• Voltage: 240V AC, 50Hz
• Plug Type: Type G (British-style three-pin)
• Adapters: Bring UK/British type adapter
• Power Stability: Generally reliable in major cities
• Safari Lodges: Usually 220V with charging facilities

Health Supplies:

• Sunscreen: High SPF essential
• Insect Repellent: DEET-based recommended
• First Aid Kit: Basic supplies for minor issues
• Prescription Medications: Bring sufficient supply
• Water Purification: Tablets or portable filter

Technology Essentials:

• Power Banks: Essential for safari and travel days
• Camera Equipment: Extra batteries and memory cards
• Headlamp/Flashlight: Useful for early morning game drives
• Binoculars: Enhance wildlife viewing experience
• Waterproof Bags: Protect electronics during wet season

EMERGENCY CONTACTS & RESOURCES

Emergency Numbers:

• Police: 999 or 112
• Medical Emergency: 999
• Tourist Helpline: +254 20 271 1262
• Fire Department: 999

Important Contacts:

• Your Embassy: Maintain contact details
• Insurance Provider: 24-hour emergency line
• Tour Operator: Local representative contact
• Hotel/Lodge: Keep contact information accessible

Health Facilities:

• Nairobi Hospital: Premier private healthcare
• Aga Khan Hospital: Excellent medical facilities
• Coast General Hospital: Mombasa public hospital
• Flying Doctor Service: Emergency evacuation coverage

FINAL TRAVEL TIPS

Before You Go:

• Apply for eTA at least 3 days before travel
• Prepare both physical and digital copies of documents for smoother immigration procedures
• Consult travel medicine specialist 4-6 weeks ahead
• Arrange comprehensive travel insurance
• Inform bank of travel plans

Packing Checklist:

• Valid passport (6+ months validity)
• eTA confirmation and supporting documents
• Yellow fever certificate (if required)
• Travel insurance documentation
• Prescription medications
• Safari-appropriate clothing
• UK electrical adapter
• Power bank and charging cables

Money-Saving Tips:

• Travel during shoulder seasons (March-May, November)
• Book safari packages in advance
• Use local transport options
• Eat at local restaurants
• Negotiate prices in markets
• Consider camping safaris over luxury lodges

Cultural Immersion:

• Learn basic Kiswahili phrases
• Participate in community tourism projects
• Visit local markets and interact with vendors
• Attend cultural performances
• Support local artisans and cooperatives

Safe Travels and Karibu Kenya! Welcome to the heart of East Africa, where every sunrise brings new adventures and every sunset creates lasting memories.